Цитата:от:humax67
Извините, просто напоминаю, что данная выдержка осуществляется не с помощью технического усложнения, а лишь задается шириной щели при прохождении цикла затвора.
Смотреть со 2 минуты 36 секунды. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmjeCchGRQo&nohtml5=False&spfreload=10
Технологически сложные затворы имеют максимальную скорость 1/60, далее укорачивание времени засветки за счет ширины щели, более простые имеют скорость цикла ! соответственно 1/30. Все остальные выдержки, в том числе и 1/8000 достигаются за счет сужения , а не за счет технологических ...прорывов...
Практическая же разница между затвором со скоросью цикла 1/60 и 1/30 (время прохода щели) будет видна, если с поезда снимать забор. По степени наклона столбиков, на любой выдержке. Даже на скорости 1/10000 время полного прохода (цикла) по площади матрицы будет не быстрее 1/60 на продвинутых, и соответственно 1/30 на бюджетных. А уж сделать 1/4000 или 1/8000 - не представляет никакой сложности кроме маркетинговых ограничений . 
Подробнее
1) Что такое выдержка синхронизации? время полного открытия затвора пока не начала опускаться вторая шторка - 1/250сек. Все что короче это действительно ширина щели.
2) Затвор у топовых Nikon включает в себя более 200 компонентов. Конструкция эта по сути не претерпевает изменений уже более 20 лет. При этом максимум был достигнут компанией Minolta в 1992 году - когда выпустила свой maxxum 9 с 1/12000сек.
3) Не знаю точно, но мне кажется что лаг затвора и максимальная выдержка также взаимоувязаны в единую технологическую цепочку
Говоря что это всего лишь маркетинг - Вы не учли вот какого технического момента:
Speed and Precision
Using the timing information, one can plot the shutter curtain displacement versus time, and estimate velocities and accelerations.
Total transit time for the curtain edge to cross the height of the sensor is only 3.0msec. The shutter curtains reach a peak linear speed of 10mm/msec during the second half of their transit, which is 10m/sec or 36kph.
In order to achieve that speed, an acceleration of at least 500g's is required to start the curtains moving. At the end of their movement, they come to a stop in only 0.5msec, which is a deceleration of at least 2000g's!
To make matters even more difficult for the designers, consider the precision required at high shutter speeds. At 1/8000 sec. shutter speed, the second curtain is released only 125microsec after the first curtain. In order to achieve a tolerance of, say, 1/6 stop, that time gap must be maintained within 15microsec, which is only 0.5% of the shutter transit time. So not only must the curtains perform the high accelerations, they must do so with a speed error of a fraction of 1%.
All of which should give us pause, and renewed appreciation of what our cameras do every time we press that shutter release.
иными словами:
The main disadvantage of the focal-plane shutter is that a durable and reliable one is a complex (and often expensive) device. While the concept of a travelling slit shutter is simple, a modern FP shutter is a computerized microsecond accurate timer, governing sub-gram masses of exotic materials, subjected to hundreds of gs acceleration, moving with micron precision, choreographed with other camera systems for 300,000+ cycles.
и еще исторический очерк:
Copal collaborated with Nippon Kogaku to create the shutter for the Nikon FM2 (Japan) of 1982 by using honeycomb pattern etched titanium foil, stronger and lighter than plain stainless steel, for its blade sheaves. This permitted cutting shutter-curtain travel time by nearly half to 3.6 ms (at 6.7 m/s) and allowed 1/200 s flash X-sync speed. A bonus was a distortionless top speed of 1/4000 s (with 1.7 mm slit). The Nikon FE2 (Japan), with an improved version of this shutter, had a 3.3 ms (at 7.3 m/s) curtain travel time and boosted X-sync speed to 1/250 s in 1983. The top speed remained 1/4000 s (with 1.8 mm slit).
The fastest focal-plane shutter ever used in a film camera was the 1.8 ms curtain travel time (at 13.3 m/s) duralumin and carbon fiber bladed one introduced by the Minolta Maxxum 9xi (named Dynax 9xi in Europe, α-9xi in Japan) in 1992. It provided a maximum 1/12,000 s (with 1.1 mm slit) and 1/300 s X-sync. A further improved version of this shutter, spec'ed for 100.000 actuations, was used in the Minolta Maxxum 9 in 1992
The traditional 1/4000 s top speeds of FP shutters are on the knife's edge of mechanical controllability – often ¼ stop too slow, even in ultra-high-quality models.Spring powered geartrains become inadequate to durably control and reliably time any higher accelerations and shocks. For example, some highly tensioned FP shutters could suffer from "shutter curtain bounce." This phenomenon is exactly what it sounds like – if the curtains are not properly braked after crossing the film gate, they might crash and bounce; reopening the shutter and causing double exposure ghosting bands on the image edge. Even the Nikon F2's ultra-high precision shutter suffered from this as an early production teething problem.[ As the Square-type FP shutter's blades moved faster and faster to provide shorter and shorter shutter speeds, the need for better blade timing control only increased.
However, with very limited need for such extremely fast speeds, FP shutters retreated to 1/8000 s in 2003 (and 1/250 s X-sync in 2006) – even in professional level cameras. Instead, over the last twenty years, most effort has gone into improving durability and reliability. Whereas the best mechanically controlled shutters were rated for 150,000 cycles and had an accuracy of ±¼ stop from nominal value (more typically 50,000 cycles at ±½ stop), today's best electronically controlled FP shutters can last 300,000 cycles and have no noticeable speed error.
И еще одна интересная заметка на ту же тему почему не сделали больше 1/8000:
Why don't they...
First of all, the common complaint: "why don't they provide higher shutter speeds beyond 1/4000 s?". (Usually "they" means the poor guys who designed a camera, thus opening themselves to criticism from the public, with the intensity inversely proportional to the technical literacy of the critic.)
Well, you can increase the maximum shutter speed in two ways:
Increasing the curtain travel speed;
Narrowing the slit between the first and the second curtain.
Neither of these comes free. For the frame height of 15 mm (close enough to both APS-C and Four Thirds standard), the travel time of 1/250 s means a speed of 15*250 mm/s, or 3.75 m/s. That's the speed with which a hammer dropped from 72 cm (almost 2.5 ft) hits your toenail. Ouch. Doubling that speed would be equivalent to quadrupling the drop height to 2.9 m (or 9.5 ft). Ouch, ouch. Obviously, the amount of energy needed to get this speed would quadruple as compared to the original: the curtains are not weightless.
This speed cannot arise instantaneously. Each curtain has to gain the full travel speed before it passes in front of the top of the frame. Then they have to decelerate from that speed to zero. This means that the shutter has to be larger than the frame size. Let me assume, just for the sake of argument, an extra 10% (1.5 mm) on either side. To accelerate from zero to 3.75 m/s along a 1.5 mm path we need an average acceleration of 9375 m/s2 or almost 1000 g (with 'g' being the Earth's gravitational acceleration). This means your curtains have to accelerate a thousand times more rapidly than a falling hammer! Doubling the curtain speed would require doubling that acceleration. This, obviously, affects the longevity of the shutter. OK, maybe it is not 1.5 mm, but 3 mm on each side; we are still talking about 500 g, and that's a lot.
The other approach, narrowing the curtain slit, may be easier and less expensive — up to a certain point. Except for the Nikon D200, all cameras mentioned above have a maximum shutter speed of 1/4000 s. If 1/250 s corresponds to the full image height, then 1/4000 s means a slit being 1/16 that wide, a little below one millimeter. This width has to stay consistent (within 10% or better, I'd guess) through all the travel, otherwise we would have a non-uniformity in exposure. Possible? Yes. Easy and cheap? Not necessarily so.
The one camera different than the others in our small comparison was the Nikon D200, with the highest shutter speed of 1/8000 s. Because the Nikon offers flash synchronization at the same speed as the other brands, I am assured they attain 1/8000 s in the second way, i.e., by narrowing the shutter slit to a bit less than 0.5 mm. Not an easy task, and an indication of advanced manufacturing capabilities, a least in their upscale models — the entry-level D40 is, at 1/4000 s, with the rest of the crowd. By the way, the Canon 30 D uses the same approach; looks like we've reached the limit of curtain travel speeda, at least until some new technology pushes it back again.